2 Present perfect/Past perfect 9. 6. 71) Read the theory. Then, use the phrases in the brackets to make sentences. • We use the present perfect (have + past participle of the main verb) for: a) actions which happened at an unstated time in the past and continue up to the present. Kanat has lost his gloves for skiing, b) experiences. I've tried surting, but I haven't tried canoeing vet. We use the past perfect (had + past participle of the main verb) for: a) actions that happened before another action in the past. He had bought a guitar a month before he started the lessons. b) actions that finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past. She was happy. She had started a new hobby. (The result was visible in the past. ) Compare: She is happy. She has started a new hobby. (The result is in the present. ) Note: The past perfect is the past equivalent of the present perfect 1 He is sad. (lose his rugby ball) He has lost his rugby ball. 2 She was excited. (buy a new camera). 3 They were happy. (win first prize) 4 We are worried. (not hear from Bob yet) ​